The IPS Lectures Series reproduces selected speeches by distinguished speakers invited to deliver the IPS Public Lectures. The purpose of this publication is to make the contents of these lectures available to a wider audience so as to stimulate more thinking and discussion on the issues raised.

IPS Occasional Paper Series was created to stimulate on-going dialogue on a broad range of issues affecting Singapore, the IPS offers the Occasional Paper Series which provides a forum for constructive views of different persuasions to be deliberated. The contents and views expounded in the papers in this series are those of the individual writers and do not represent the views of the IPS.

IPS Regional Speakers Series is a collection of speeches given by speakers invited to Singapore under the Regional Speakers Programme.

IPS Report Series publishes commissioned as well as unsolicited papers that are concept or "think" pieces on social, economic and political issues affecting Singapore. The Series aims at rapid dissemination of new and thought-provoking ideas to relevant individuals and organizations in the public and private sectors for their review. The views expressed in the papers in this Series are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily represent the views of the Institute.